每日英語跟讀 Ep.K463: About science - Cognitive decline linked to ultraprocessed food, study finds

Too many daily calories from highly processed foods like lunch meats, frozen dinners, and packaged cookies may speed up cognitive decline, a new study suggests.

一項新的研究表明，每天從午餐肉、冷凍晚餐和包裝餅乾等高度加工食品攝入過多卡路里，可能會加速認知能力下降。

In the study, researchers examined the diets and cognitive function test results of more than 8,000 adults in Brazil. At the start of the study, participants consumed an average of about 2,850 calories a day. About 28 percent of their daily calories came from highly processed foods.

在這項研究中，研究人員檢視巴西8000多名成年人的飲食和認知功能測試結果。在研究開始時，參與者平均每天消耗約2850卡路里的熱量。他們每天有約28％的卡路里來自高度加工食物。

After about nine years of follow-up, cognitive test scores for memory and executive function declined the most for participants who ate the most highly processed foods.

經過約9年追蹤，吃加工食品最多的參與者，其記憶力和執行功能的認知測試分數下降幅度最大。

Ultraprocessed foods are defined as “industrial formulations of food substances (oils, fats, sugars, starch, and protein isolates) that contain little or no whole foods and typically include flavorings, colorings, emulsifiers, and other cosmetic additives,” according to the study.

根據這項研究，超加工食品被定義為「食品物質（油、脂肪、糖、澱粉和蛋白質分離物）的工業配方，含極少或不含全天然食品，通常包括調味劑、色素、乳化劑和其他化妝品添加劑」。

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Study: Cats not bothered one bit if owners are treated badly 研究：貓根本懶得理會飼主是否被欺負

A study in Japan suggests there may be something after all to the old stereotype that pet cats are generally aloof and indifferent toward their owners while dogs are fiercely protective and loyal.

日本的一份研究暗示，（以下）這種老舊的刻板印象可能還是有些道理的：寵物貓通常對飼主漠不關心又冷淡，寵物狗則非常想保護飼主與忠心。

Researchers from Kyoto University and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science wanted to understand how cats behave when their owners are being given a hard time. The same experiments using dogs seven years ago were referenced to gauge behavioral differences between the two species.

京都大學與日本學術振興會的研究人員想要了解貓在其飼主陷於困境時的行為反應，（他們）7年前以狗做過的相同實驗被當作參考，以衡量這兩種生物的行為差異。

Team members concluded that cats do not seem to care how people treat their owners, while dogs keep their distance from those who give their owners the cold shoulder.

研究小組成員得出的結論是，貓看似並不關心人們如何對待其飼主，狗則會與那些冷落怠慢其飼主的人保持距離。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1547451 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1539057